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2.
Rev. saúde pública ; 46(3): 456-465, jun. 2012. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-625672

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Elaborar indicadores de desempenho e terceirização em rede de laboratórios clínicos, baseados em sistemas de informações e registros administrativos públicos. MÉTODOS: A rede tinha 33 laboratórios com equipamentos automatizados, mas sem informatização, 90 postos de coleta e 983 funcionários, no município de Rio de Janeiro, RJ. As informações foram obtidas de registros administrativos do Sistema de Informações de Orçamentos Públicos para a Saúde e do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais e Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os indicadores (produção, produtividade, utilização e custos) foram elaborados com dados colhidos como rotina de 2006 a 2008. As variações da produção, custos e preços unitários dos testes no período foram analisadas por índices de Laspeyres e de Paasche, específicos para medir a atividade dos laboratórios, e pelo Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. RESULTADOS: A produção foi de 10.359.111 testes em 2008 (aumento de 10,6% em relação a 2006) e a relação testes/funcionário cresceu 8,6%. As despesas com insumos, salários e prestador conveniado aumentaram, respectivamente 2,3%, 45,4% e 18,3%. Os testes laboratoriais por consulta e internação cresceram 10% e 20%. Os custos diretos totalizaram R$ 63,2 milhões em 2008, com aumento de 22,2% em valores correntes no período. Os custos diretos deflacionados pelo Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (9,5% para o período) mostram aumento do volume da produção de 11,6%. O índice de volume específico para a atividade, que considera as variações do mix de testes, mostrou aumento de 18,5% no preço unitário do teste e de 3,1% no volume da produção. CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores, em especial os índices específicos de volume e preços da atividade, constituem uma linha de base de desempenho potencial para acompanhar laboratórios próprios e terceirizados. Os indicadores de desempenho econômicos elaborados mostram a necessidade de informatização da rede, antecedendo a decisão de terceirização.


OBJECTIVE: To develop performance indicators for outsourcing clinical laboratory services, based on information systems and public administrative records. METHODS: In the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Southern Brazil, the public health laboratory network comprised 33 laboratories with automated equipment (but no integrated information system), 90 primary care units (where sample collection was performed) and 983 employees. Information records were obtained from the administrative records of the Budget Information System for Public Health and the Outpatient and Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. Performance indicators (production, productivity, usage and costs) were generated from data collected routinely from 2006 to 2008. The variations in production, costs and unit prices for tests were analyzed by Laspeyres and Paasche indices, which specifically measure laboratory activity, and by the Consumer Price Index from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. RESULTS: A total of 10,359,111 tests were performed in 2008 (10.6% increase over 2006), and the test/employee ratio grew by 8.6%. The costs of supplies, wages and providers increased by 2.3%, 45.4% and 18.3%, respectively. The laboratory tests per visit and hospitalizations increased by 10% and 20%, respectively. The direct costs totaled R$ 63.2 million in 2008, representing an increase of 22.2% in current values during the period analyzed. The direct costs deflated by the Brazilian National Consumer Price Index (9.5% for the period) showed an 11.6% increase in production volumes. The activity-specific volume index, which considers changes in the mix of tests, showed increases of 18.5% in the test price and 3.1% in the production volume. CONCLUSIONS: The performance indicators, particularly the specific indices for volume and price of activity, constitute a baseline of performance potential for monitoring private laboratories and contractors. The economic performance indicators demonstrated the need for network information system integration prior to an outsourcing decision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Laboratories/economics , Outsourced Services/economics , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Brazil , Decision Making , Laboratories/organization & administration , Laboratories/standards , Outsourced Services/organization & administration , Outsourced Services/standards
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 81(5): 418-424, oct. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577526

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the opportunity cost for adolescents requiring care at Family Medicine Clinics. Material and Methods: Study of cost performed on 624 patients, 10-19 years of age, Family Medicine Clinics, Pharmacy and Laboratory. A conglomerate sample technique was used (Medical Unit), and proportional sampling internally. Several sociodemographic variables were evaluated, including transfer, waiting time and care. Statistical evaluation included averages, percentages, and confidence intervals of 95 percent. Results: The cost-opportunity for Family Medicine and Pharmacy in the situations evaluated was $10.22 for the teenager, $71.43 for the first family member, and $14.28 for the second person accompanying the child. When they attend all three services, the cost is $12.26, $82.71 and $16.54 respectively. A weighted average cost of opportunity IFOR all three services is $93.18. Conclusions: The largest cost of opportunity for adolescents occurs when waiting for care in Family Medicine. It is suggested that strategies be implemented to decrese waiting times in the various services.


Objetivo. Determinar el costo oportunidad de los adolescentes que demandan atención en las Unidades de Medicina Familiar. Material y Métodos. Estudio de costo oportunidad realizado en 624 usuarios de 10 a 19 años de edad atendidos en tres Unidades de Medicina Familiar, en los servicios de Medicina Familiar, Farmacia y Laboratorio. Se empleó la técnica muestral por conglomerados (Unidad Médica) y al interior por cuota. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas y número de acompañantes; se estimó el costo oportunidad para el traslado, espera y atención. El análisis estadístico incluyó promedios, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: El costo oportunidad promedio para Medicina Familiar y Farmacia es de $10.22 para el adolescente, de S 71.43 para el acompañante 1 y de $14.28 para el acompañante 2; cuando acuden a los tres servicios es de $12.26, $82.71 y $16.54 respectivamente. El costo oportunidad promedio ponderado cuando acuden a los tres servicios es de $93.18. Conclusión: El mayor costo oportunidad para los adolescentes corresponde a la espera en el servicio de Medicina Familiar. Por lo que se sugiere implementar estrategias que disminuyan el tiempo de espera en los diferentes servicios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Care Costs , Family Practice/economics , Adolescent Health Services/economics , 60372/economics , Laboratories/economics , Mexico , Socioeconomic Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Pharmaceutical Services/economics , Time Factors
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(4): 875-883, Nov. 2008. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-504508

ABSTRACT

Large-scale lab culture of Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Diaphanososma birgei were evaluated by studying the biology and biochemical composition of the species and production costs. Ankistrodesmus gracilis presented exponential growth until the 6th day, with approximately 144 x 10(4) cells.mL-1, followed by a sharp decrease to 90 x 10(4) cells.mL-1 (8th day). Algae cells tended to increase again from the 11th day and reached a maximum of 135 x 10(4) cells.mL-1 on the 17th day. D. birgei culture showed exponential growth until the 9th day with 140 x 10² individuals.L-1, and increased again as from the 12th day. Algae A. gracilis and zooplankton D. birgei contain 47 to 70 percent dry weight protein and over 5 percent dry weight carbohydrates. The most expensive items in the context of variable costs were labor and electricity. Data suggested that temperature, nutrients, light availability and culture management were determining factors on productivity. Results indicate that NPK (20-5-20) may be used directly as a good alternative for mass cultivation when low costs are taken into account, promoting adequate growth and nutritional value for cultured A. gracilis and D. birgei.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo em larga escala de Ankistrodesmus gracilis e Diaphanososma birgei em laboratório através do estudo da biologia das espécies, composição bioquímica e custo operacional de produção. A. gracilis apresentou um crescimento exponencial até o sexto dia, ao redor de 144 x 10(4) células mL-1. Logo em seguida, sofreu um brusco decréscimo apresentando 90 x 10(4) células mL-1 (oitavo dia). A partir do décimo primeiro dia, as células algais tenderam a crescer novamente, apresentando um máximo de 135 x 10(4) células mL-1 no 17º dia. No cultivo de D. birgei, foi observado o primeiro pico de crescimento no nono dia com 140 x 10² indivíduos L-1, aumentando novamente a partir do décimo segundo dia. A alga clorofícea A. gracilis e o zooplâncton D. birgei possuem aproximadamente 50 e 70 por cento de proteína (PS), respectivamente, com teor de carboidrato acima de 5 por cento. A eletricidade e mão de obra foram os itens mais dispendiosos e, de acordo com os dados obtidos, a temperatura, nutrientes, disponibilidade de luz e manejo do cultivo, foram fatores determinantes sobre a produtividade. Os resultados indicam que o meio NPK (20-5-20) pode ser utilizado diretamente como uma alternativa de cultivo em larga escala, considerando o baixo custo de produção, promovendo adequado crescimento e valor nutricional para A. gracilis e D. birgei.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chlorophyta/growth & development , Culture Media , Cladocera/growth & development , Chlorophyta/chemistry , Cladocera/chemistry , Culture Media/economics , Laboratories/economics , Nutritive Value , Population Growth , Time Factors
8.
Buenos Aires; Instituto Investigaciones Farmo-Industria Argentina; 1997. 20 p. tab.(Cuadernos del I.I.F.A, 2).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-246176
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-119920

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India and can be prevented by fortifying common salt with iodine. For the iodation programme to be effective, it is necessary to monitor the iodine content of salt. The National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme recommends that one salt iodine monitoring laboratory should be set up in each district. We calculated the cost of setting up such a laboratory in the year 1993. METHODS. We estimated that approximately 6000 samples of salt would be sent annually by health workers to the district laboratory as part of the routine report system. We calculated the capital cost of the laboratory to include land, buildings and equipment. The recurrent costs included salaries, chemicals and reagents, and maintenance assuming a uniform discount of 10%. RESULTS. A total of Rs 81,550 would be needed for one such laboratory annually, of which Rs 73,500 (89%) would be recurrent costs. This comes to Rs 13.60 per sample tested or 5 paise per head per year in a district with an average population of 1.7 million. If the building is already available and the staff in position only need to be trained, then Rs 16,040 per year (equipment, chemicals and operating costs) would be required. This comes to 1 paise per head per year. CONCLUSIONS. Setting up a salt iodine monitoring laboratory, a vital component for the salt iodation programme, has modest cost implications, especially if the building and staff already exist. This is likely to be the case in most of the districts.


Subject(s)
Costs and Cost Analysis , Facility Design and Construction/economics , Humans , India , Iodine/analysis , Laboratories/economics , Sodium Chloride/analysis
12.
s.l; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1989. 39 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-75977

ABSTRACT

Evalua la capacidad para detectar y diagnosticar el VIH en los laboratorios y bancos de sangre en Perú. Estima sus necesidades a través de un análisis comprensivo operacional y financiero. Presenta recomendaciones en cuanto a la organización, normas, distribución de recursos y posibles intervenciones en los laboratorios por parte de agencias donantes


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Blood Banks , Blood Transfusion , Laboratories/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Peru
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